Socio-demographic and practice-oriented factors related to proficiency in problem solving: a lifelong learning perspective     

Richard Desjardins 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2015,34(4):468-486

This article explores the relative importance of different socio-demographic and practice-oriented factors that are related to proficiency in problem solving in technology-rich environments (PSTREs) and by extension may be related to complex problem solving (CPS). The empirical analysis focuses on the proficiency measurements of PSTRE made available by the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, which is relevant for gaining insight on some of the factors related to CPS. The purpose was to examine the relationship between the broad information processing experience that individuals gather in different contexts over the lifespan, and the chances to develop problem-solving skills that adults receive in different socio-demographic profiles. Results reveal that socio-demographic factors such as age, education and immigration status as well as practice-oriented factors such as ICT use and reading practice at and outside work are strongly related to proficiency.  相似文献   

我国机动车交易中的物权变动规则分析     

周明章 《德州学院学报》2015,(3):45-48,73

我国机动车交易物权的变动,在《物权法》出台之前,主要依据是《民法通则》第72条和《合同法》第133条。2007年出台《物权法》之后,主要依据就是《物权法》第23条和第24条。但我国《物权法》第24条对于机动车等特殊动产的物权变动进行了登记对抗的特殊规定,这使得理论界和实务界对机动车交易的物权变动是交付生效还是登记生效认识模糊且争议不断。事实上,自《民法通则》到《合同法》再到《物权法》,我国法律关于机动车交易的物权变动一直认可的是交付生效主义,主张登记生效主义的观点纯属对法条的误解。而所谓登记对抗主义的模式也没有存在的必要和理论基础。  相似文献   

Age and maturity related differences in motor coordination among male elite youth soccer players     

Nikki Rommers  Mireille Mostaert  Lennert Goossens  Roel Vaeyens  Erik Witvrouw  Matthieu Lenoir 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):196-203

This study investigated differences in generic and soccer specific motor coordination, as well as speed and agility depending on age and maturity in elite youth soccer players (U10-U15, N = 619). Measurements included body height, body weight and sitting height to estimate age at peak height velocity (APHV); three Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder subtests (i.e. jumping sideways (JS), moving sideways (MS), balancing backwards (BB)) to assess generic motor coordination; the UGent dribbling test for soccer specific motor coordination; a 5m/30m sprint and T-test for speed and agility, respectively. Age specific z-scores of the predicted APHV identified players as earlier, on time or later maturing. (M)ANOVA analyses showed significant age by maturity interaction effects for the speed and agility test cluster, revealing maturity related differences in U14 and U15 players. Next to an overall higher performance with age for all test clusters (η² 0.080–0.468), earlier maturing players outperformed their later maturing peers in 5m/30m sprinting. The opposite was seen for JS and BB. So, players’ maturity status should be taken into account to adequately value performance in talent identification. Also, the focus on characteristics that appear to be minimally biased by an earlier maturational timing (i.e. motor coordination) should be increased.  相似文献   

动作发展视域下幼儿足球促进粗大动作发展水平研究     

孙启成  刘金富  朱小烽 《浙江体育科学》2020,(3):57-63

探讨幼儿足球对幼儿粗大动作发展水平的影响,为干预幼儿粗大动作发展提供依据。选取嘉兴市108名5~6岁幼儿为受试对象,以班级为单位随机分为干预组与对照组。干预组进行12周幼儿足球游戏活动教学,2次*40min/周;对照组幼儿为静态性的课堂班级活动。干预前后采用PGMQS测量幼儿位移能力、操控能力及平衡能力。采用独立样本t检验、配对样本t检验及协方差分析两组幼儿前后测结果的差异性。结果显示:①干预前,两组幼儿粗大动作发展水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);干预后,两组幼儿粗大动作发展水平存在显著性差异(P<0.05),干预组高于对照组。②干预组和对照组幼儿后测结果与前测结果间均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),后测结果高于前测。研究结果表明幼儿粗大动作发展存在延长效应,但结构化幼儿足球游戏活动明显提高了幼儿粗大动作发展水平。因此建议抓牢幼儿早期动作发展的敏感期,以动作发展为主线科学设计幼儿足球游戏活动并保证活动的顺利开展,为幼儿健康、全面发展奠定良好的基础。  相似文献   

足球踢球动作技能学习中背景干扰效应的实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

余方亮 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(1):67-73

目的：探讨初学者在足球踢球动作技能学习过程中是否存在背景干扰效应，并分析原因。方法：以足球脚背内侧踢定位球动作技能作为学习任务，选取某大学足球专修班的33名学生为研究对象，分成对照组和两个实验组，进行10周的体育教学现场实验，对一周后保持测试的达标和技评成绩进行单因素方差分析。结果：三组保持测试的达标和技评成绩均值，在0.05水平上差异不具有显著性。结论：实验结果未能出现背景干扰效应，未能验证本研究提出的研究假设和背景干扰效应假说的最主要原因是，足球脚背内侧踢定位球的复杂性任务特征。  相似文献   

踢毽子动作发展序列特征研究及案例教学分析     

王兴泽 《北京体育大学学报》2016,39(11):89-96+118

摘要：为了发扬民族传统体育项目的健身锻炼功效、发挥中小学踢毽子活动的育人功能，以及科学探索不同年龄阶段健康个体在学习踢毽子动作时的典型动作特征。采用现代动作学科知识理论研究民族传统体育项目是传承传统文化的具体体现，也是实施体育育人的操作手段。梳理文献资料得出U6—14阶段健康个体典型的动作发展特征，即U6—7阶段的学习运用自我、U8—9阶段的基本动作过程学习、U10—11阶段的基本运动技能的学习和应用，以及U12—14阶段的基本动作技术向专门动作技术过渡。录像观察得出踢毽子活动的动作发展序列特征，即，整体发展序列的5个阶段和4个部位发展序列的不同阶段发展特征。案例教学实验分析了义务教育阶段体育与健康课程标准、教科书、教师用书中关于踢毽子课程设置的客观性，得出U6—7阶段和U10—11阶段踢毽子课程设置难度大。本文揭示了儿童、青少年踢毽子动作的学习与掌握不仅依赖于直接教学，更要关注儿童、青少年的发展；体现儿童、青少年对特定运动项目的学习特征是自然发展的，而不应是学习与训练促成的。  相似文献   

我国开放式运动技能研究现状及展望          下载免费PDF全文

陈峰 《河北体育学院学报》2016,30(5):25-29

运用文献资料法对近年来我国开放式运动技能研究的相关文献进行整理分析.指出,开放式运动技能研究在我国起步晚、重视程度不高,实践研究水平跟不上理论研究水平;理论研究主要以心理学和生理学为研究角度;实验研究主要集中在篮、网、足等少数项目,研究的深度、专门性和针对性都不够,评价系统不完善.认为,未来研究将深入竞技体育、学校体育、群众体育中,针对不同训练对象、不同训练目的对具体项目的训练原则、方法、手段及评价体系进行研究.  相似文献   

大学生涉跑猝死事件的体医融合防卫机制研究     

洪邦辉  胡庆山  张恒波  向彪 《武汉体育学院学报》2020,54(2):32-36,58

近年来，大学生身体素质不佳，已成为"老大难"，也是刻不容缓需要解决的问题，多地曾出现在体测、运动会、马拉松中晕倒甚至猝死事件，这给学校体育工作的开展带来不小的考验。带着因涉跑引起猝死的疑问，通过猝死案例分析，探究高校大学生猝死的病理学的非运动成因。研究认为：涉跑猝死的主因是先天性生理疾病，运动不是引发猝死的主要诱因，并提出了预防运动猝死的"堵疏结合"的医学监控策略和体医融合防卫机制构建方法。建议通过入校时医学筛查、跑前医学检查、跑中医学观察、猝死现场急救、跑后跟踪复查降低猝死风险；建立宿舍、运动场地、运动项目的全覆盖的心脏复苏志愿队伍，实施"黄金8分钟"内的急救生存链；建立学生、学校、政府、社会四方体育运动分级分类保险制度，从风险转移和人道主义援助进行关怀；建立涉跑猝死、猝死、非正常死亡的数据库，开展非正常死亡人员的病理学研究；建立全生命周期医学监控和健康安全宣传教育，形成全方位、全过程、全人员的体医融合防卫机制。  相似文献   

Childhood Physical Fitness and Performance as Predictors of High School Sport Participation     

Rebecca A. Battista  Erin D Bouldin  Karin A. Pfeiffer  Christine E. Pacewicz  Shannon R Siegel  Eric M. Martin 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2021,25(1):43-52

ABSTRACT

Participation in youth sport is positively associated with physical fitness and performance. The purpose of the current study was to examine if physical fitness measures during childhood and early adolescence predicted high school sport participation. Participants included youth in the Michigan State University Motor Performance Study. Measures consisted of the endurance shuttle run, Wells sit-and-reach, jump and reach, standing long jump, agility shuttle run and 30-yard dash. Individual, generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the association between each measure and the odds of participating in high school sport. For both sexes, the endurance shuttle run and agility shuttle run were related to sport participation. For boys only, the long jump and 30-yard dash were also associated with sport participation. Better physical fitness and performance across several dimensions in childhood, including those related to motor skills, enhanced the likelihood of sport participation in high school.  相似文献   

Effects of a kindergarten-based,family-involved intervention on motor performance ability in 3- to 6-year-old children: the ToyBox-study     

Julia Birnbaum  Christine Geyer  Franca Kirchberg  Yannis Manios  Berthold Koletzko 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(4):377-384

This study targeted to examine the effect of the ToyBox-intervention, a kindergarten-based, family-involved intervention, aiming to improve preschooler’s energy-related behaviours (e.g., physical activity) on motor performance ability. Physical activity sessions, classroom activities, environmental changes and tools for parents were the components of the 1-year intervention. The intervention and control were cluster-randomised, and children’s anthropometry and two motor test items (jumping from side to side, JSS and standing long jump, SLJ) were assessed. A total of 1293 (4.6 ± 0.69 years; 52% boys) from 45 kindergartens in Germany were included (intervention, n = 863; control, n = 430). The effect was assessed using generalised estimating equation. The intervention group showed a better improvement in JSS (Estimate 2.19 jumps, P = 0.01) and tended to improve better in SLJ (Estimate 2.73 cm, P = 0.08). The intervention was more effective in boys with respect to SLJ (P of interaction effect = 0.01). Children aged <4.5 years did not show a significant benefit while older children improved (JSS, Estimate 3.38 jumps, P = 0.004; SLJ, Estimate 4.18 cm, P = 0.04). Children with low socio-economic status improved in JSS (Estimate 5.98 jumps, P = 0.0001). The ToyBox-intervention offers an effective strategy to improve specific components of motor performance ability in early childhood. Future programmes should consider additional strategies specifically targeting girls and younger aged children.

Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; SES: socio-economic status; JSS: jumping from side to side; SLJ: standing long jump; SD: standard deviation; GEE: generalised estimating equation  相似文献